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Tramadol – Forms, Dosages, and Uses of Tramadol

Tramadol is a pain relieving formulation that inhibits the transmission of pain sensation throughout the body. Because of its actions on the central nervous system’s mu-opioid receptors, the drug is considered highly effective. It is sold under different brand names, the most popular of which is Ultram. It, however, occurs in many different forms to meet varying needs for its pain relieving efficacy.

The Different Forms of Tramadol

There are many forms of Tramadol so the drug can be used or administered depending on the need. These different forms include:

1.    Tablets
a.    Regular or immediate release
b.    Extended release
c.    Chewable
d.    Low-residue
e.    Uncoated
2.    Capsules
a.    Regular or immediate release
b.    Extended release
3.    Suppositories
4.    Injectables
a.    Epidural
b.    Intrathecal
c.    Caudal
d.    Intravenous
e.    Intramuscular
5.    Liquids

Tramadol is also usually combined with other drugs and agents to combine different benefits. One example is a combination of tramadol and paracetamol or acetaminophen, which occurs in a brand name called Ultracet. Ultracet combines 37.5 mg of tramadol and 325 mg of APAP. In some patient-controlled injection forms of tramadol, it is also combined with morphine.

The Tramadol Tablets

The tramadol tablets are the most popular forms of tramadol. These tablets are white, odorless, and has a bitter taste, although it is less bitter than morphine. The tablets are not meant to be chewed, so the taste is of little consequence in the tablet form, unlike in the liquid form. This is why some of the liquid variants of tramadol come with added flavoring.

The tramadol tablets come in doses of 50 mg for the immediate release tablets and 100, 20, and 300 mg for the extended release tablets. The 50 mg tablets are to be taken every 4 to 6 hours, up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg in a day. The extended release tablets should only be taken once a day, and since the highest dose is the 300 mg tablet, the maximum daily dosage is 300 mg in a day instead of 400 mg.

The compound agents, however, such as Ultracet, has a lower maximum dose of 300 mg per day.

Approved and Experimental Uses of Tramadol

The only approved use of tramadol is pain relief administered in the forms mentioned previously. However, tramadol’s potential for treating other medical conditions are also widely explored.

One specific study, for example, experimentally used tramadol in topical gels and creams aimed towards relieving nerve pain and several other conditions such as rectal foam and concentrated retention enema. These studies are still inconclusive.

Other investigational uses of tramadol include treatment of the following medical conditions:

•    Diabetic neuropathy
•    Restless legs syndrome
•    Postherpetic neuralgia
•    Fibromyalgia
•    Migraines
•    Premature ejaculation
•    Obsessive compulsive disorder
•    Anti-depressant withdrawal aid

Tramadol is also deemed effective in treating pain in certain types of animals, particularly dogs, cats, rabbits, and most small mammals such as squirrels, guine pigs, raccoons, and ferrets. The drug is being used to relieve pain related with injuries, cancer, and other chronic pain causes as well as post-operative pain.

For use in veterinary medicine, tramadol comes in ampules, powders, and syrups. It can also be mixed in with food, which is, in fact, necessary in treating dogs because the taste of Tramadol is distasteful to most dogs. Many veterinarians use tramadol to relieve animal pain since the alternative, which is the use of NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances, are potentially harmful to animals.

Side Effects of Tramadol

Tramadol has certain adverse effects. This is apparent in the legal status of the drug, which, in several US states, is considered as a controlled substance. Side effects can be classified according to severity and danger levels.

Mild side effects that are almost to be expected include:

•    Nausea
•    Vomiting
•    Constipation (may also be severe, especially in older patients)
•    Sweating
•    Drowsiness

Withdrawal effects, which only occur if the medication is abruptly ceased, include:

•    Nervous tremous
•    Muscle contractures
•    Restless leg syndrome symptoms

Overdose and abuse reactions:

•    Anxiety
•    Seizures
•    Respiratory depression
•    Drug dependence

The two most dangerous side effects are seizures and drug dependence.

According to some medical professionals, tramadol is widely known as the most frequently suspected reason behind provoked seizures. The risk is higher as the age of the patient climbs, and seizures are likely if the patient has had seizure episodes in the past.

Also, according to patients who have had to use Tramadol for an extended period of time for the treatment of long term pain or chronic pain, tramadol is the most difficult pain medication to stop because the body has to withdraw from both the serotonergic/noradrenergic and from the mu-opioid effects.